As it is commonly known, chocolate is a result of a long
refining process that starts with beans from the fruits of the tree Theobroma
cacao. The beans get fermented, dried, then roasted and ground. The end
products consist of cocoa butter (a solid smooth fat employed in cosmetics and
food), and chocolate liquor. The chocolate type is determined by different
amounts of chocolate liquor and cocoa butter the chocolate has the amount of
sugar and some other contents combined with the mixture.
Below are the most known chocolate varieties.
"Candy
coating" chocolate
This chocolate variety is also called "compound
coating," "confectionery coating,” or “summer coating." These involve
flavoured candy products including milk, white or dark chocolate where palm or
vegetable oils are used as substitutes for cocoa butter. These are cheaper than
a lot of chocolates and do not contain much of chocolate liquor. They have
exceptional moulding and melting properties, thus they are frequently employed
for enrobing and dipping in candy making given that they can bear high ambient
temperatures and do not need tempering.
Cocoa powder
This unsweetened pulverized powder is partially defatted chocolate
liquor. Cocoa powder offers great chocolate taste and has natural or
Dutch-processed varieties. Natural cocoa powder has strong chocolate flavour
and is light brown in colour. It is preferable to be used in recipes which need
baking soda since it is somewhat acidic. On the other hand alkalized cocoa
powder is less acidic, has milder chocolate taste and has darker color. It is nice
to be employed on recipes that call for baking powder.
Bittersweet chocolate
According to FDA, this chocolate has no less than 35% cocoa
solids. A number of bittersweet chocolate bars have 50 % chocolate liquor at
the least amount and some bars contain 70 to 80% chocolate liquor. These types
of chocolate taste bitterer than semi-sweet or sweet dark chocolate. Sugar
amounts of the bittersweet chocolate are not regulated thus they vary in
sweetness depending on the manufacturers.
Unsweetened chocolate
This is also called “baking” or “bitter” chocolate. This
variety is pure chocolate liquor, which merely contains ground cocoa beans. It smells like chocolate but it tastes bitter
and cannot be consumed on its own. It is combined with sugar to be used in
cooking. Unsweetened chocolate gives
luscious chocolate taste to baked goodies.
Dark chocolate
This chocolate consists of lecithin (emulsifier), cocoa
butter, vanilla, sugar and chocolate liquor. Dark chocolate does not contain
any milk solids. Commercial dark chocolates contains cocoa in 30% ( for sweet dark)
to 70-80% (super dark bars). Semi-seet and dark chocolate belongs to the
"dark chocolate” category.
Semi-sweet chocolate
This American term is made popular by Nestle Toll House
semi-sweet chocolate chips. Semi-sweet chocolate has cocoa solids of at least
35%, and is sweeter than bittersweet chocolate but darker than the sweet dark
chocolate. Nevertheless, lack of regulations related to sugar content implies
that these classifications are relative and is not constant across brands.
Sweet dark chocolate
Sweet dark chocolate is a dark chocolate which does not
contain milk solids, however it has high sugar levels and is sweeter than other
dark chocolate varieties. Several brands of this type contain merely 20 to 40%
of cocoa solids.
Couverture chocolate
Couverture chocolate is commonly used by professional
confectioners or bakers, this chocolate has high levels of chocolate liquor and
high percentage (at least 30%) of cocoa butter. This high ratio makes the
chocolate so pricey but the product is smooth and melts evenly and quickly.
Couverture chocolate is commonly used for enrobing and tempering candies. It
has milk, white and dark varieties and can be bought at well-stocked cake decorating
shops and online.
Gianduja chocolate
Gianduja refers to European style of chocolate created from
nut paste and chocolate. Commonly, hazel nut paste is used but almond paste can
also be employed in making gianduja. It comes in dark or milk chocolate varieties.
Gianduja chocolate can be substituted for dark or milk chocolate or used as a flavouring.
At room temperature, it is adequately soft to be cut or rolled however it is so
much soft to be used for molding chocolates.
Milk chocolate
Milk chocolate contains chocolate liquor and cocoa butter.
Moreover it has either dry milk solids or condensed milk (commonly European
varieties). Milk chocolate must consist of 12% milk solids, 3.39 % butterfat,
and 10% chocolate liquor. Milk chocolate is usually much sweeter than dark
chocolate, and lighter and color and less evident chocolate flavor. Milk
chocolate is more susceptible to overheating and is much difficult to be
properly tempered.
White chocolate
The name "white chocolate" is derived from the
cocoa butter contents, but this variety doesn't have chocolate liquor or some
other cocoa products. Subsequently it has great chocolate taste, though its
flavor is usually similar to vanilla or any additional flavorings. White
chocolate has a at most 55% of sugar, 14% milk solids and at least 20% of cocoa
butter.